Nervous System

Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

Hydrocephalus

Cerebral Palsy

Seizure Disorders in Childhood

Primary Headaches in Children

Primary headaches in children are tension-type headache (most common overall), migraine with its pediatric equivalents (the most common recurrent disabling headache), and the rare cluster headache. This lesson covers how each presents and is treated, the migraine variants exams like to test, and the red flags of raised intracranial pressure that call for brain imaging.

Neuromuscular Disorders

Weakness in children can come from the upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, neuromuscular junction or muscle. This lesson covers three common pediatric neuromuscular disorders: Guillain-Barré syndrome (an acute post-infectious demyelinating polyneuropathy treated with IVIG or plasmapheresis), and the two X-linked dystrophinopathies, Duchenne (absent dystrophin, severe) and Becker (reduced dystrophin, milder). It covers the exam clues, the diagnostic steps and a single DMD vs. BMD comparison table.