شرح المدرسين
Endocrine System Adaptations
Pregnancy brings about profound changes in the endocrine system, crucial for supporting fetal development and preparing the mother's body for childbirth and lactation. These adaptations involve a complex interplay of hormones that regulate pregnancy maintenance, metabolism, and the growth and development of the fetus.
- Progesterone
- Responsible for pregnancy maintenance
- Produced by the corpus luteum until the 10–12 weeks of gestation, after which it is produced by the fetoplacental unit
- Human placental lactogen
- A hormone synthesized by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta, which promotes the production of insulin-like growth factors.
- Increases insulin levels
- Causes insulin resistance
- Increases serum glucose levels and lipolysis to ensure sufficient glucose supply for the fetus
- Maternal insulin resistance begins in the second trimester and peaks in the third trimester.
- Thyroid hormones
- ↑ hCG → ↓ TSH levels during the first part of the first trimester
- ↑ TBG → ↑ T4 and T3 → Normal free T4 and T3
- Normal free Thyroxine index
- ↑ SHBG and corticosteroid-binding globulin
- ↑ Triglycerides and cholesterol (due to increased lipolysis and fat utilization)
- Hyperplasia of lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary → physiological enlargement of the pituitary gland(up to 40% increase from pregestational volume)
سجل دخولك لإضافة ملاحظات خاصة لكل قسم
· اشترك الآن
احصل على التجربة الكاملة
اشترك للوصول لفيديوهات الشرح التفصيلي والبطاقات التعليمية التفاعلية وأسئلة الممارسة مع تتبع التقدم.
فيديوهات الشرح
بطاقات تفاعلية
أسئلة ممارسة
اشترك الآن